PG TRB ZOOLOGY ONLINE TEST / QUIZ AS PER LATEST SYLLABUS | Unit I - ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY | Origin, Evolution and adaptive radiation of Amphibia.

PG TRB ZOOLOGY ONLINE TEST / QUIZ AS PER LATEST SYLLABUS | Unit I - ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY | Origin, Evolution and adaptive radiation of Amphibia.

1. The first amphibians are believed to have evolved from which group of fishes?

• A. Placoderms
• B. Dipnoi (Lungfishes)
• C. Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous fishes)
• D. Actinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes)

2. The fossil Ichthyostega is considered a key transitional form between fishes and amphibians due to the presence of:

• A. Gills and lateral line system
• B. Lungs and a three-chambered heart
• C. Fish-like tail and amphibian-like limbs
• D. Scales and a bony exoskeleton

3. What is the name of the subclass of extinct, primitive amphibians that includes the first tetrapods and is believed to be the ancestor of modern amphibians?

• A. Lepospondyli
• B. Lissamphibia
• C. Labyrinthodontia
• D. Urodela

4. The Devonian period is often referred to as the "Age of Fishes." During which period did amphibians become the dominant terrestrial vertebrates?

• A. Triassic
• B. Jurassic
• C. Permian
• D. Carboniferous

5. Which of the following is an adaptive feature of amphibians for a semi-aquatic lifestyle?

• A. Dry, scaly skin
• B. Internal fertilization
• C. Gills in larval stage and lungs in adult stage
• D. Amniotic eggs

6. The adaptive radiation of amphibians was significantly influenced by the development of which respiratory structure for life on land?

• A. Cutaneous respiration
• B. Book lungs
• C. Lungs
• D. Tracheal system

7. Caecilians (Gymnophiona) are a group of amphibians that have undergone adaptive radiation to a burrowing, legless lifestyle. This is an example of:

• A. Convergent evolution
• B. Divergent evolution
• C. Parallel evolution
• D. Co-evolution

8. Which of the following amphibians is characterized by having a tail throughout its life cycle?

• A. Anura
• B. Gymnophiona
• C. Salientia
• D. Caudata

9. The anurans (frogs and toads) are adapted for:

• A. Aquatic swimming
• B. Gliding flight
• C. Leaping and jumping
• D. Burrowing

10. The shift from a fish-like lateral line system to a tympanic membrane (eardrum) in amphibians is an adaptation for:

• A. Sensing vibrations in water
• B. Detecting airborne sounds
• C. Maintaining balance
• D. Detecting low-frequency sounds

11. A major challenge for the early amphibians colonizing land was the threat of:

• A. Predation from reptiles
• B. Desiccation
• C. Lack of food sources
• D. Competition with insects

12. Which of the following is a key feature of the Lissamphibia, the group containing all modern amphibians?

• A. Well-developed scales
• B. Pedicellate teeth
• C. Five-toed forelimbs
• D. Amniotic egg

13. The evolution of the three-chambered heart in amphibians is an adaptation that:

• A. Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood completely
• B. Allows for more efficient gas exchange in water
• C. Provides a more efficient circulatory system for a terrestrial lifestyle
• D. Is identical to the fish heart

14. The transition from fish to tetrapods is marked by the evolutionary development of:

• A. Paired fins to paired limbs
• B. A notochord to a vertebral column
• C. An exoskeleton to an endoskeleton
• D. A two-chambered heart to a four-chambered heart

15. What is the primary reason for amphibians being referred to as "double-life" animals?

• A. They can live in both freshwater and saltwater
• B. They have both gills and lungs
• C. Their life cycle includes both an aquatic larval stage and a terrestrial adult stage
• D. They can reproduce both sexually and asexually

16. The "Age of Amphibians" is a term commonly associated with which geological period?

• A. Devonian
• B. Permian
• C. Triassic
• D. Carboniferous

17. Which of the following is a major evolutionary innovation that allowed for the successful colonization of land by early tetrapods?

• A. The development of paired fins
• B. A stronger vertebral column to support the body out of water
• C. The evolution of a swim bladder
• D. The presence of a lateral line system

18. The group Temnospondyli is significant because it includes:

• A. The ancestors of modern reptiles and birds
• B. Many large, crocodile-like amphibians of the Permian
• C. The first flying amphibians
• D. The earliest terrestrial vertebrates with true lungs

19. The process of metamorphosis in amphibians is an example of a life history strategy that:

• A. Reduces competition between adults and larvae
• B. Allows for a longer larval stage
• C. Limits their geographic distribution
• D. Promotes a completely aquatic lifestyle

20. What is the name of the subclass of amphibians that includes modern salamanders and newts?

• A. Anura
• B. Gymnophiona
• C. Caudata
• D. Lissamphibia

21. The first amphibians likely evolved in which type of environment?

• A. Open ocean
• B. Estuaries and brackish water
• C. Shallow freshwater habitats
• D. Terrestrial swamps

22. Which of the following is a fossil of an early tetrapod that shows a mixture of fish and amphibian characteristics?

• A. Tiktaalik
• B. Archaeopteryx
• C. Pteranodon
• D. Dunkleosteus

23. The transition to a three-chambered heart with two atria and one ventricle in amphibians is an example of an adaptation for:

• A. A more active, predatory lifestyle
• B. A completely aquatic existence
• C. A high metabolic rate
• D. The separation of pulmonary and systemic circulation, though incomplete

24. The loss of the skull roof and development of a more flexible, flattened skull is a characteristic adaptation seen in:

• A. The earliest labyrinthodonts
• B. Modern frogs and toads
• C. Early caecilians
• D. Jurassic salamanders

25. The shift from external fertilization (common in fish) to internal fertilization (in some amphibians like salamanders) is an adaptation to:

• A. Reduce the number of offspring
• B. Protect eggs from aquatic predators
• C. Ensure successful reproduction in drier environments
• D. Increase genetic diversity

26. Which of the following statements about the origin of amphibians is correct?

• A. They evolved from ancient sharks
• B. They arose from lobe-finned fishes in the Devonian period
• C. They are direct descendants of modern lungfishes
• D. Their first appearance was in the Cambrian period

27. The most significant adaptive advantage for the first tetrapods to emerge from water was:

• A. The ability to breathe air
• B. The ability to find new food sources
• C. The escape from aquatic predators
• D. All of the above

28. Which of the following is an adaptive feature of some tree frogs that allows them to live in arboreal environments?

• A. Webbed feet for swimming
• B. Long, powerful hind legs
• C. Sticky toe pads
• D. Gills throughout their life

29. The fossil Seymouria is often considered a reptile-like amphibian because it possessed characteristics like:

• A. A single occipital condyle and a fish-like tail
• B. A primitive amniotic egg
• C. A well-developed skull and a more terrestrial limb structure
• D. External fertilization

30. The decline of large, dominant amphibians in the Permian period is thought to be linked to the rise of:

• A. Dinosaurs
• B. Mammals
• C. Reptiles
• D. Birds

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