PG TRB ZOOLOGY ONLINE TEST / QUIZ AS PER LATEST SYLLABUS | Unit I - ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY | Origin of flight and flight adaptations in birds.

PG TRB ZOOLOGY ONLINE TEST / QUIZ AS PER LATEST SYLLABUS | Unit I - ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY | Origin of flight and flight adaptations in birds.

1. The primary flight feathers attached to the hand bones of a bird are called:

a) Remiges b) Rectrices c) Coverts d) Alula

2. Which of the following is an adaptation for reducing body weight for flight?

a) Large sternum b) Presence of a keel c) Pneumatic bones d) Fusion of vertebrae

3. The furcula (wishbone) in birds is a fusion of which bones?

a) Clavicles b) Coracoids c) Scapulae d) Sternum

4. The primary function of the keel (carina) is to provide an attachment site for which muscles?

a) Leg muscles b) Wing muscles c) Neck muscles d) Gizzard muscles

5. The downstroke of the wing, which generates lift and forward propulsion, is primarily powered by which muscle?

a) Supracoracoideus b) Pectoralis major c) Deltoid d) Biceps

6. The air sacs in a bird's respiratory system are important for:

a) Buoyancy b) Thermoregulation c) Reducing body weight d) All of the above

7. The hollow spaces in a bird's bones are an adaptation called:

a) Osteoporosis b) Pneumatization c) Fusion d) Ossification

8. Which of the following is a key feature of a bird's wing airfoil shape that generates lift?

a) The top surface is more curved than the bottom b) The bottom surface is more curved than the top c) Both surfaces are equally flat d) The wing is perfectly symmetrical

9. The structure that prevents air from passing through the vane of a feather is the:

a) Rachis b) Calamus c) Barbules with hooks d) Quill

10. The theory that suggests flight evolved from arboreal gliding is known as the:

a) Cursorial theory b) Arboreal theory c) Ground-up theory d) Wing-assisted incline running (WAIR) theory

11. Which group of dinosaurs is widely considered to be the ancestors of birds?

a) Sauropods b) Pterosaurs c) Theropods d) Ornithischians

12. The specialized group of feathers that reduces drag and aids in landing is the:

a) Rectrices b) Remiges c) Alula d) Contour feathers

13. The main muscle responsible for the upstroke of the wing is the:

a) Pectoralis major b) Supracoracoideus c) Deltoid d) Triceps

14. The fusion of the hip bones with the vertebrae to form a rigid structure is known as the:

a) Carina b) Furcula c) Synsacrum d) Pygostyle

15. A bird's digestive system is highly efficient and rapid. This is an adaptation to:

a) Reduce weight b) Provide energy for flight c) Prevent predation d) Both a and b

16. The structure formed by the fusion of the last few caudal vertebrae is the:

a) Pygostyle b) Synsacrum c) Carina d) Furcula

17. The bones in the hand of a bird are reduced and fused to:

a) Provide more flexibility b) Increase surface area c) Reduce weight and provide rigidity d) Aid in grasping objects

18. What is the name of the process by which birds shed their feathers?

a) Molting b) Plumage c) Ecdysis d) Fledging

19. The highly efficient respiratory system of birds is a key adaptation for high-altitude and sustained flight, characterized by:

a) One-way airflow b) Two-way airflow c) Gills d) Book lungs

20. Which of the following statements about the origin of flight is supported by the ground-up theory?

a) Flight evolved from gliding down from trees. b) Ancestors of birds were tree-dwellers. c) Flight evolved from running and flapping on the ground. d) Flight evolved from swimming.

21. The streamlined body shape of a bird is an adaptation to:

a) Increase drag b) Reduce drag c) Increase weight d) Improve vision

22. Which part of a bird's feather is responsible for its color?

a) Rachis b) Barbules c) Pigments and structural features d) Vane

23. The absence of a urinary bladder in birds is an adaptation that:

a) Increases their metabolic rate b) Reduces body weight c) Aids in thermoregulation d) Improves vision

24. The function of the alula is to:

a) Provide lift during high-speed flight b) Act as an aerodynamic slot to prevent stalling c) Steer the bird during turns d) Generate thrust

25. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a bird's heart?

a) Four-chambered b) High metabolic rate c) Single aorta d) Right aortic arch

26. The flight muscles of a bird make up a significant portion of its body weight, sometimes up to:

a) 10% b) 20% c) 30% d) 50%

27. Which of the following feathers are responsible for controlling the direction and acting as a brake during flight?

a) Remiges b) Rectrices c) Contour feathers d) Down feathers

28. The presence of a crop in some birds is a feeding adaptation that indirectly supports flight by:

a) Storing food to reduce feeding trips b) Increasing weight to stabilize flight c) Aiding in digestion d) Regulating body temperature

29. The concept of "Wing-Assisted Incline Running" (WAIR) supports which of the following theories of flight evolution?

a) Arboreal theory b) Gliding theory c) Cursorial theory d) Pterosaur theory

30. The fused collarbones of birds forming the furcula are believed to function as a spring to:

a) Absorb shock during landing b) Increase the power of the wing upstroke c) Reduce muscle fatigue d) All of the above

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