PG TRB ZOOLOGY ONLINE TEST / QUIZ AS PER LATEST SYLLABUS | Unit I - ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY | Origin and evolution of Birds.

PG TRB ZOOLOGY ONLINE TEST / QUIZ AS PER LATEST SYLLABUS | Unit I - ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY | Origin and evolution of Birds.

1. The reptile group that is considered to be the direct ancestor of birds is:

• a) Pterosaurs
• b) Theropod dinosaurs
• c) Ichthyosaurs
• d) Plesiosaurs

2. The fossil Archaeopteryx serves as a connecting link between:

• a) Fishes and amphibians
• b) Amphibians and reptiles
• c) Reptiles and birds
• d) Birds and mammals

3. Which of the following features of Archaeopteryx is considered a reptilian character?

• a) Presence of a beak
• b) Presence of feathers
• c) Presence of claws on free digits
• d) Pneumatic bones

4. The theory that birds evolved from a group of flying arboreal reptiles is known as the:

• a) Cursorial theory
• b) Arboreal theory
• c) Bipedal theory
• d) Monophyletic theory

5. The development of feathers is believed to have initially served the purpose of:

• a) Flight
• b) Insulation
• c) Camouflage
• d) Mating display

6. Which of the following is an example of a flightless bird?

• a) Pigeon
• b) Kiwi
• c) Sparrow
• d) Eagle

7. The fusion of pelvic girdle bones with the vertebrae to form the synsacrum is a feature found in:

• a) Amphibians
• b) Reptiles
• c) Birds
• d) Mammals

8. The wishbone or furcula of birds is formed by the fusion of:

• a) Coracoid bones
• b) Scapulae
• c) Clavicles
• d) Sternum

9. The evolutionary development of a keeled sternum is a modification primarily for:

• a) Running
• b) Perching
• c) Swimming
• d) Flight muscle attachment

10. Which of these is a characteristic of modern birds, but not Archaeopteryx?

• a) Presence of a tail
• b) Teeth in jaws
• c) Absence of teeth
• d) Feathers on wings

11. The term 'Aves' was coined by:

• a) Linnaeus
• b) Haeckel
• c) Huxley
• d) Cuvier

12. The presence of feathers on a dinosaur fossil provides evidence for:

• a) Convergent evolution
• b) Polyphyletic origin
• c) The link between dinosaurs and birds
• d) Parallel evolution

13. Which era is known as the "Age of Reptiles and First Birds"?

• a) Paleozoic
• b) Mesozoic
• c) Cenozoic
• d) Proterozoic

14. The fusion of the last thoracic, all lumbar, sacral and a few anterior caudal vertebrae in birds is called:

• a) Pygostyle
• b) Synsacrum
• c) Furcula
• d) Uncinate process

15. The caudal vertebrae are fused to form a blade-like structure called:

• a) Sternum
• b) Synsacrum
• c) Pygostyle
• d) Uncinate process

16. The most characteristic feature of birds, not found in any other animal group, is:

• a) Warm-bloodedness
• b) Four-chambered heart
• c) Feathers
• d) Egg-laying

17. The air sacs in birds are primarily meant for:

• a) Storing air
• b) Improving buoyancy
• c) Double respiration
• d) Reducing body weight

18. Which hypothesis suggests that flight evolved by running and flapping arms to increase speed?

• a) Arboreal hypothesis
• b) Cursorial hypothesis
• c) Ground-up hypothesis
• d) Pterosaur hypothesis

19. The fused hand bones in birds that support the primary flight feathers are called:

• a) Radius and Ulna
• b) Humerus
• c) Carpometacarpus
• d) Tarsometatarsus

20. Which of the following is a non-avian dinosaur that is closely related to birds?

• a) Tyrannosaurus
• b) Velociraptor
• c) Stegosaurus
• d) Triceratops

21. The presence of a beak in birds is an example of:

• a) Homologous organ
• b) Vestigial organ
• c) Analogous organ
• d) Adaptive feature

22. The earliest known bird fossil is from the:

• a) Triassic period
• b) Jurassic period
• c) Cretaceous period
• d) Permian period

23. The function of uncinate processes in birds is:

• a) To strengthen the rib cage
• b) To aid in swimming
• c) To support the wings
• d) To assist in perching

24. The term 'ratites' refers to:

• a) Flying birds with a keeled sternum
• b) Flightless birds with a flat sternum
• c) Aquatic birds with webbed feet
• d) Birds with a four-chambered heart

25. The presence of a crop and gizzard in a bird's digestive system is an adaptation for:

• a) Carnivorous diet
• b) Herbivorous diet
• c) Lack of teeth
• d) Aquatic life

26. Which of the following is NOT an adaptation for flight in birds?

• a) Pneumatic bones
• b) Solid bones
• c) Keel on the sternum
• d) Feathers

27. The concept of "Mosaic Evolution" is best exemplified by:

• a) The evolution of fins in fish
• b) The evolution of the horse
• c) The features of Archaeopteryx
• d) The evolution of amphibians

28. The earliest known bird-like dinosaur with a long bony tail and feathers is:

• a) Caudipteryx
• b) Sinosauropteryx
• c) Confuciusornis
• d) Microraptor

29. The theory that birds developed flight by running and using their forelimbs to propel themselves into the air is the:

• a) Arboreal theory
• b) Cursorial theory
• c) Ground-up theory
• d) Trees-down theory

30. The presence of a four-chambered heart in birds is an example of:

• a) Homology with mammals
• b) Analogy with mammals
• c) Convergent evolution
• d) Divergent evolution

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