12TH BIO ZOOLOGY UNIT WISE FREE ONLINE TESTS | CHAPTER 4 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION | INTERNAL MCQ | ENGLISH MEDIUM.

12TH BIO ZOOLOGY UNIT WISE FREE ONLINE TESTS | CHAPTER 4 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION | INTERNAL MCQ | ENGLISH MEDIUM.

1. When three or more alleles of a gene control a particular trait, they are called:

A) Multiple genes B) Multiple alleles C) Polygenes D) Linked genes

Correct Answer: B) Multiple alleles

2. Who discovered the ABO blood groups based on the presence or absence of antigens on RBCs?

A) Bernstein B) Von De Castello and Sturli C) Karl Landsteiner D) Wiener

Correct Answer: C) Karl Landsteiner

3. In the ABO blood group system, which alleles are co-dominant to each other?

A) I^A and I^O B) I^B and I^O C) I^A and I^B D) All are co-dominant

Correct Answer: C) I^A and I^B

4. A person with blood group 'O' has which antigens on their RBCs?

A) Antigen A B) Antigen B C) Both A and B antigens D) Neither A nor B antigen

Correct Answer: D) Neither A nor B antigen

5. The Rh factor was first discovered in which animal?

A) Chimpanzee B) Rhesus monkey C) Gorilla D) Orangutan

Correct Answer: B) Rhesus monkey

6. Erythroblastosis foetalis occurs when the mother is ______ and the foetus is ______.

A) Rh positive, Rh negative B) Rh negative, Rh positive C) Rh negative, Rh negative D) Rh positive, Rh positive

Correct Answer: B) Rh negative, Rh positive

7. The chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes in an individual are called:

A) Allosomes B) Heterosomes C) Autosomes D) Karyotypes

Correct Answer: C) Autosomes

8. In human beings, which sex is heterogametic?

A) Male (XY) B) Female (XX) C) Both are heterogametic D) Both are homogametic

Correct Answer: A) Male (XY)

9. In birds, the sex determination system is of the type:

A) XX - XY B) XX - XO C) ZW - ZZ D) ZO - ZZ

Correct Answer: C) ZW - ZZ

10. The Sex-determining Region Y (SRY) gene is located on which chromosome?

A) X chromosome B) Y chromosome C) Autosome 21 D) Autosome 9

Correct Answer: B) Y chromosome

11. A condensed, inactive X chromosome found in the cells of female mammals is called:

A) Barr body B) SRY gene C) TDF D) Centromere

Correct Answer: A) Barr body

12. In honeybees, unfertilized eggs develop into:

A) Queens B) Workers C) Drones (males) D) Sterile females

Correct Answer: C) Drones (males)

13. Which of the following is an example of an X-linked recessive disorder?

A) Thalassemia B) Phenylketonuria C) Haemophilia D) Huntington's chorea

Correct Answer: C) Haemophilia

14. Genes located on the non-homologous region of the Y-chromosome are called:

A) X-linked genes B) Holandric genes C) Autosomal genes D) Recessive genes

Correct Answer: B) Holandric genes

15. A diagrammatic representation of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs is known as a(n):

A) Pedigree chart B) Idiogram C) Genotype D) Phenotype

Correct Answer: B) Idiogram

16. Which chemical is used in karyotyping to arrest cell division at the metaphase stage?

A) Ethanol B) Formalin C) Colchicine D) Saline

Correct Answer: C) Colchicine

17. A "family tree" drawn with standard genetic symbols to show inheritance pathways is called a:

A) Karyotype B) Punnett square C) Pedigree D) Genetic map

Correct Answer: C) Pedigree

18. Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in the formation of:

A) White blood cells B) Platelets C) Haemoglobin D) Plasma proteins

Correct Answer: C) Haemoglobin

19. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism involving which amino acid?

A) Tyrosine B) Phenylalanine C) Tryptophan D) Methionine

Correct Answer: B) Phenylalanine

20. Which disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant lethal gene, characterized by involuntary jerking of the body?

A) Albinism B) Thalassemia C) Huntington's chorea D) Sickle cell anaemia

Correct Answer: C) Huntington's chorea

21. The failure of chromatids to segregate during cell division, resulting in gain or loss of chromosomes, is called:

A) Translocation B) Inversion C) Aneuploidy D) Polyploidy

Correct Answer: C) Aneuploidy

22. Down's syndrome is caused by a trisomy of which chromosome?

A) Chromosome 13 B) Chromosome 18 C) Chromosome 21 D) X chromosome

Correct Answer: C) Chromosome 21

23. A person with Klinefelter's syndrome has the karyotype:

A) 45, XO B) 47, XXY C) 47, XYY D) 46, XX

Correct Answer: B) 47, XXY

24. Turner's syndrome is characterized by which chromosomal abnormality?

A) Trisomy of X chromosome B) Monosomy of X chromosome (XO) C) Presence of a Y chromosome D) Trisomy of chromosome 21

Correct Answer: B) Monosomy of X chromosome (XO)

25. The gene controlling ABO blood type has been labelled 'I', which stands for:

A) Inheritance B) Isoagglutination C) Immunogen D) Individual

Correct Answer: B) Isoagglutination

26. The enzyme N-acetyl galactose transferase is produced by which allele?

A) I^A B) I^B C) I^O D) Both I^A and I^B

Correct Answer: A) I^A

27. According to the Fisher and Race hypothesis, which dominant allele produces the Rh positive phenotype?

A) 'C' allele B) 'E' allele C) 'd' allele D) 'D' allele

Correct Answer: D) 'D' allele

28. What is administered to an Rh-negative mother to prevent Erythroblastosis foetalis?

A) Anti A antibodies B) Anti B antibodies C) Anti D antibodies D) A blood transfusion

Correct Answer: C) Anti D antibodies

29. The XX-XO type of sex determination is found in:

A) Humans B) Birds C) Grasshoppers D) Drosophila

Correct Answer: C) Grasshoppers

30. The gene product of the SRY gene is the:

A) Oestrogen determining factor B) Testis determining factor (TDF) C) Barr body factor D) Dosage compensation factor

Correct Answer: B) Testis determining factor (TDF)

31. According to the N-1 rule, how many Barr bodies would be present in an XXY male?

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3

Correct Answer: B) 1

32. The mechanism of sex determination in honeybees, where fertilized eggs become females and unfertilized eggs become males, is called:

A) Haplodiploidy B) Parthenogenesis C) Gynogenesis D) Heterogamy

Correct Answer: A) Haplodiploidy

33. A marriage between a colour-blind man and a normal-visioned woman will produce:

A) All colour-blind sons B) All colour-blind daughters C) Normal visioned sons and carrier daughters D) Carrier sons and normal visioned daughters

Correct Answer: C) Normal visioned sons and carrier daughters

34. Hypertrichosis (excessive hair on the ear pinna) is an example of what kind of inheritance?

A) X-linked dominant B) X-linked recessive C) Autosomal dominant D) Y-linked (holandric)

Correct Answer: D) Y-linked (holandric)

35. In a pedigree chart, what does a square symbol represent?

A) Female B) Male C) Affected individual D) Mating

Correct Answer: B) Male

36. Beta Thalassemia is also known as:

A) Cooley's anaemia B) Sickle-cell anaemia C) Bleeder's disease D) Royal disease

Correct Answer: A) Cooley's anaemia

37. Albinism is caused by the lack of which enzyme?

A) Phenylalanine hydroxylase B) Galactose transferase C) Tyrosinase D) Thromboplastin

Correct Answer: C) Tyrosinase

38. Patau's syndrome is caused by a trisomy of which chromosome?

A) Chromosome 21 B) Chromosome 13 C) Chromosome 18 D) Y chromosome

Correct Answer: B) Chromosome 13

39. Gynaecomastia (feeble breast development in males) is a characteristic symptom of which syndrome?

A) Down's syndrome B) Turner's syndrome C) Klinefelter's syndrome D) Patau's syndrome

Correct Answer: C) Klinefelter's syndrome

40. A person with blood group 'AB' is called a universal recipient because they have:

A) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies B) Only anti-A antibodies C) Only anti-B antibodies D) Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

Correct Answer: D) Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

41. The gene for Beta Thalassemia (HBB) is located on which chromosome?

A) Chromosome 9 B) Chromosome 11 C) Chromosome 16 D) Chromosome 12

Correct Answer: B) Chromosome 11

42. In a pedigree, a consanguineous marriage is represented by:

A) A single horizontal line B) A double horizontal line C) A vertical line D) A diagonal line

Correct Answer: B) A double horizontal line

43. The inheritance of red-green colour blindness follows which pattern?

A) Autosomal dominant B) Autosomal recessive C) Criss-cross inheritance D) Y-linked inheritance

Correct Answer: C) Criss-cross inheritance

44. A female with Turner's syndrome has how many chromosomes in her somatic cells?

A) 44 B) 45 C) 46 D) 47

Correct Answer: B) 45

45. Who first observed the Barr body in the nerve cells of a female cat?

A) Mary Lyon B) Henking C) Stevens D) Barr and Bertram

Correct Answer: D) Barr and Bertram

46. The phenomenon where a single gene can have multiple effects is NOT discussed in the text, but a related concept where multiple alleles control a single trait is. What is this concept called?

A) Pleiotropy B) Polygenic inheritance C) Multiple allelism D) Epistasis

Correct Answer: C) Multiple allelism

47. The ABO blood group alleles are located on which human chromosome?

A) Chromosome 7 B) Chromosome 9 C) Chromosome 11 D) X Chromosome

Correct Answer: B) Chromosome 9

48. Which genotype results in the Rh negative phenotype according to the Fisher-Race hypothesis?

A) CDE/cde B) CDe/cDe C) cde/cde D) CDe/CDe

Correct Answer: C) cde/cde

49. In the ZW-ZZ system of sex determination, which sex is heterogametic?

A) Male B) Female C) Both D) Neither

Correct Answer: B) Female

50. Haemophilia is also known as "bleeder's disease" because affected individuals lack a normal:

A) Amount of haemoglobin B) Clotting substance (thromboplastin) C) Number of RBCs D) Number of platelets

Correct Answer: B) Clotting substance (thromboplastin)

51. The gene PAH, which is mutated in Phenylketonuria, is located on which chromosome?

A) Chromosome 9 B) Chromosome 11 C) Chromosome 12 D) Chromosome 16

Correct Answer: C) Chromosome 12

52. A flattened nose, malformed ears, and a constantly open mouth are symptoms of which syndrome?

A) Patau's Syndrome B) Klinefelter's Syndrome C) Turner's Syndrome D) Down's Syndrome

Correct Answer: D) Down's Syndrome

53. The term 'propositus' in a pedigree analysis refers to:

A) The oldest member of the family B) The first affected family member who seeks medical attention C) A deceased individual D) A healthy carrier

Correct Answer: B) The first affected family member who seeks medical attention

54. What is the genotype of a person with blood type A?

A) I^AI^B B) I^BI^B or I^BI^O C) I^AI^A or I^AI^O D) I^OI^O

Correct Answer: C) I^AI^A or I^AI^O

55. The regions at the ends of the Y chromosome that are similar to regions on the X chromosome are called:

A) Non-combining Regions (NRY) B) Euchromatic regions C) Heterochromatic regions D) Pseudoautosomal regions (PARs)

Correct Answer: D) Pseudoautosomal regions (PARs)

56. In the case of the I^O/I^O allele, why is no antigen produced?

A) It produces a faulty enzyme. B) No terminal transferase enzyme is produced. C) It produces both A and B enzymes. D) It blocks the precursor substance.

Correct Answer: B) No terminal transferase enzyme is produced.

57. Who proposed the existence of eight alleles at a single Rh locus (Wiener Hypothesis)?

A) Fisher and Race B) Landsteiner C) Wiener D) Bernstein

Correct Answer: C) Wiener

58. The process of arranging chromosomes in order of descending length is part of creating a:

A) Pedigree B) Genotype C) Karyotype D) Genome map

Correct Answer: C) Karyotype

59. What is the primary consequence of Erythroblastosis foetalis for the newborn?

A) Severe mental retardation B) Haemolysis of foetal RBCs C) Underdeveloped genitalia D) Lack of melanin pigment

Correct Answer: B) Haemolysis of foetal RBCs

60. In humans, how many pairs of autosomes are present in a somatic cell?

A) 1 pair B) 22 pairs C) 23 pairs D) 46 pairs

Correct Answer: B) 22 pairs

61. The phenomenon of Kin Selection is facilitated by which system of sex determination?

A) XX-XY B) ZW-ZZ C) Haplodiploidy D) XX-XO

Correct Answer: C) Haplodiploidy

62. If a colour-blind woman marries a normal-visioned man, what will be the phenotype of their sons?

A) All normal vision B) All colour-blind C) 50% normal, 50% colour-blind D) All will be carriers

Correct Answer: B) All colour-blind

63. The term for a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality is:

A) Disease B) Disorder C) Syndrome D) Condition

Correct Answer: C) Syndrome

64. Alpha Thalassemia is caused by mutation or deletion of genes on which chromosome?

A) Chromosome 9 B) Chromosome 11 C) Chromosome 16 D) Chromosome 21

Correct Answer: C) Chromosome 16

65. In albinism, melanocytes are present but lack the pigment melanin. This statement is:

A) True B) False C) Partially True D) Not mentioned in the text

Correct Answer: A) True

66. A webbed neck and low stature are characteristic symptoms of which syndrome?

A) Down's Syndrome B) Klinefelter's Syndrome C) Patau's Syndrome D) Turner's Syndrome

Correct Answer: D) Turner's Syndrome

67. The clumping together of erythrocytes when incompatible blood types are mixed is called:

A) Coagulation B) Agglutination C) Haemolysis D) Sensitization

Correct Answer: B) Agglutination

68. Individuals who possess blood group antigens in their body fluids like saliva are called:

A) Secretors B) Donors C) Recipients D) Excretors

Correct Answer: A) Secretors

69. The 'null' allele in the ABO blood group system is:

A) I^A B) I^B C) I^O D) Rh⁺

Correct Answer: C) I^O

70. The antibodies produced by a sensitized Rh-negative mother that can cross the placenta are of which type?

A) IgA B) IgM C) IgE D) IgG

Correct Answer: D) IgG

71. Who discovered the Y-Chromosome in 1902?

A) Henking B) Stevens C) Barr D) Lyon

Correct Answer: B) Stevens

72. The Lyon's hypothesis suggests that Barr bodies represent a(n):

A) Active X chromosome B) Inactive X chromosome C) Active Y chromosome D) Inactive autosome

Correct Answer: B) Inactive X chromosome

73. A male is hemizygous for X-linked traits because:

A) He has two X chromosomes B) He has one X and one Y chromosome C) He has two Y chromosomes D) His X chromosome is inactive

Correct Answer: B) He has one X and one Y chromosome

74. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is an example of which type of inheritance?

A) Y-linked B) Autosomal dominant C) Autosomal recessive D) X-linked

Correct Answer: D) X-linked

75. In a pedigree chart, dizygotic twins are represented by:

A) Two symbols connected by a horizontal line B) Two symbols originating from a single point C) Two symbols originating from different points on the sibship line D) Two symbols originating from a single point, connected by a line

Correct Answer: B) Two symbols originating from a single point

76. The enzyme Phenylalanine hydroxylase converts phenylalanine into:

A) Melanin B) Tyrosine C) Phenylpyruvic acid D) DOPA

Correct Answer: B) Tyrosine

77. A cleft palate and malformation of the brain are symptoms associated with:

A) Down's Syndrome B) Patau's Syndrome C) Turner's Syndrome D) Klinefelter's Syndrome

Correct Answer: B) Patau's Syndrome

78. The normal allele in Mendelian inheritance is also known as the:

A) Mutant allele B) Recessive allele C) Wild allele D) Dominant allele

Correct Answer: C) Wild allele

79. The rarest blood group discovered by Von De Castello and Sturli is:

A) Type A B) Type B C) Type O D) Type AB

Correct Answer: D) Type AB

80. The dominance hierarchy of ABO blood group alleles is:

A) I^A > I^B > I^O B) I^B > I^A > I^O C) (I^A = I^B) > I^O D) I^O > I^A = I^B

Correct Answer: C) (I^A = I^B) > I^O

81. How many possible genotypes are there for the ABO blood groups?

A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

Correct Answer: D) 6

82. The term 'immunogenic D antigen' refers to the:

A) A antigen B) B antigen C) O antigen D) Rh factor

Correct Answer: D) Rh factor

83. In the ZO-ZZ system of sex determination, females have which chromosome combination?

A) ZZ B) ZO C) ZW D) WW

Correct Answer: B) ZO

84. The non-combining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) constitutes what percentage of the chromosome?

A) 5% B) 50% C) 75% D) 95%

Correct Answer: D) 95%

85. The process where one X chromosome in females becomes tightly coiled into heterochromatin is part of:

A) Sex determination B) Dosage compensation C) Karyotyping D) Meiosis

Correct Answer: B) Dosage compensation

86. In honeybees, diploid individuals that develop from fertilized eggs become:

A) Only drones B) Only queens C) Drones or workers D) Queens or workers (females)

Correct Answer: D) Queens or workers (females)

87. A person who is homozygous recessive (XXc) for colour blindness is a:

A) Carrier female B) Colour-blind female C) Normal female D) Colour-blind male

Correct Answer: B) Colour-blind female

88. Karyotyping can be used to detect which of the following?

A) Single gene mutations like PKU B) Blood type C) Chromosomal aberrations like aneuploidy D) The presence of specific alleles

Correct Answer: C) Chromosomal aberrations like aneuploidy

89. The enzyme tyrosinase is required for the conversion of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) into:

A) Phenylalanine B) Tyrosine C) Melanin pigment D) Haemoglobin

Correct Answer: C) Melanin pigment

90. Huntington's chorea typically leads to death between the ages of:

A) 15 and 20 B) 25 and 30 C) 35 and 40 D) 55 and 60

Correct Answer: C) 35 and 40

91. The term for the degree by which progeny differ from their parents is:

A) Heredity B) Variation C) Genetics D) Allele

Correct Answer: B) Variation

92. A-type antigens, similar to those in humans, have been found in which animal?

A) New world monkeys B) Lemurs C) Cats D) Chimpanzees

Correct Answer: D) Chimpanzees

93. What is the total number of chromosomes in a person with Klinefelter's Syndrome?

A) 45 B) 46 C) 47 D) 48

Correct Answer: C) 47

94. A person with blood type B can have which of the following genotypes?

A) I^BI^B only B) I^BI^O only C) I^AI^B D) I^BI^B or I^BI^O

Correct Answer: D) I^BI^B or I^BI^O

95. The condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell is known as:

A) Aneuploidy B) Euploidy C) Haploidy D) Diploidy

Correct Answer: A) Aneuploidy

96. Which human chromosome is approximately 165 Mb in size with about 1,000 genes?

A) Y chromosome B) X chromosome C) Chromosome 21 D) Chromosome 13

Correct Answer: B) X chromosome

97. Lack of a menstrual cycle during puberty is a symptom of which syndrome?

A) Down's Syndrome B) Klinefelter's Syndrome C) Turner's Syndrome D) Patau's Syndrome

Correct Answer: C) Turner's Syndrome

98. The study of traits as they have appeared in a given family line for several past generations is called:

A) Karyotyping B) Genetic screening C) Pedigree analysis D) Chromosome banding

Correct Answer: C) Pedigree analysis

99. Which of these disorders is NOT a Mendelian disorder?

A) Thalassemia B) Albinism C) Phenylketonuria D) Down's Syndrome

Correct Answer: D) Down's Syndrome

100. The unit of heredity that determines the biological character of an organism is known as the:

A) Chromosome B) Allele C) Gene D) Trait

Correct Answer: C) Gene

101. The branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity and variations is called:

A) Cytology B) Ecology C) Genetics D) Physiology

Correct Answer: C) Genetics

102. Who discovered that the inheritance of blood groups is determined by multiple allelic series?

A) Karl Landsteiner B) Bernstein C) Wiener D) Fisher and Race

Correct Answer: B) Bernstein

103. The 'Cde' nomenclature for the Rh factor system was proposed by:

A) Wiener B) Landsteiner and Wiener C) Fisher and Race D) Von De Castello and Sturli

Correct Answer: C) Fisher and Race

104. Prophylactic administration of anti-D antibodies to an Rh-negative mother is done at which weeks of gestation?

A) 12th and 24th B) 20th and 30th C) 28th and 34th D) 36th and 40th

Correct Answer: C) 28th and 34th

105. Individuals having homomorphic sex chromosomes produce how many types of gametes?

A) One type B) Two types C) Four types D) No gametes

Correct Answer: A) One type

106. The human Y chromosome is approximately how many megabases (Mb) in size?

A) 165 Mb B) 100 Mb C) 60 Mb D) 30 Mb

Correct Answer: C) 60 Mb

107. How many functional genes are estimated to be on the human Y chromosome?

A) 1000 B) 500 C) 100 D) 60

Correct Answer: D) 60

108. In a marriage between a normal visioned man and a colour-blind woman, what percentage of their daughters will be carriers?

A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100%

Correct Answer: D) 100%

109. Tjio and Levan developed a method for culturing which type of cells from human blood for karyotyping?

A) Erythrocytes (RBCs) B) Thrombocytes (Platelets) C) Lymphocytes D) Epithelial cells

Correct Answer: C) Lymphocytes

110. In a pedigree chart, what does a circle symbol represent?

A) Male B) Female C) Affected individual D) Sex unspecified

Correct Answer: B) Female

111. In Beta Thalassemia, which globin chain production is affected?

A) Alpha chain B) Beta chain C) Gamma chain D) Delta chain

Correct Answer: B) Beta chain

112. Phenylpyruvic acid is excreted in the urine of individuals affected with which disorder?

A) Albinism B) Thalassemia C) Phenylketonuria (PKU) D) Huntington's chorea

Correct Answer: C) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

113. Chromosomal disorders are usually caused by errors in:

A) DNA replication B) Protein synthesis C) Cell division D) Transcription

Correct Answer: C) Cell division

114. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Turner's Syndrome?

A) Low stature B) Webbed neck C) Gynaecomastia D) Underdeveloped breast

Correct Answer: C) Gynaecomastia

115. The inherited factor that determines the biological character of an organism is the:

A) Trait B) Variation C) Gene D) Chromosome

Correct Answer: C) Gene

116. The allele I^B encodes for which enzyme?

A) N-acetyl galactose transferase B) Galactose transferase C) Phenylalanine hydroxylase D) Tyrosinase

Correct Answer: B) Galactose transferase

117. The term 'Haemolytic disease of the new born (HDN)' is another name for:

A) Thalassemia B) Haemophilia C) Erythroblastosis foetalis D) Sickle cell anaemia

Correct Answer: C) Erythroblastosis foetalis

118. What is the total number of chromosomes in a human diploid body cell?

A) 23 B) 44 C) 46 D) 48

Correct Answer: C) 46

119. If a haemophilic female (carrier) marries a normal male, what is the probability that their son will have haemophilia?

A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100%

Correct Answer: C) 50%

120. Which of these is an autosomal dominant disorder?

A) Thalassemia B) Albinism C) Phenylketonuria D) Huntington's chorea

Correct Answer: D) Huntington's chorea

121. In a pedigree chart, what does a diamond symbol represent?

A) Male B) Female C) Affected Individual D) Sex unspecified

Correct Answer: D) Sex unspecified

122. What is the term for the clumping of red blood cells when incompatible blood types are mixed?

A) Coagulation B) Agglutination C) Haemolysis D) Fibrinolysis

Correct Answer: B) Agglutination

123. Who discovered the fourth blood group, 'AB', in 1902?

A) Karl Landsteiner B) Bernstein C) Von De Castello and Sturli D) Wiener

Correct Answer: C) Von De Castello and Sturli

124. The I^B allele encodes for an enzyme that adds which sugar to the precursor H substance?

A) Fructose B) Glucose C) N-acetyl galactosamine (NAG) D) Galactose

Correct Answer: D) Galactose

125. The Rh factor was discovered in what year?

A) 1902 B) 1925 C) 1940 D) 1949

Correct Answer: C) 1940

126. An individual is considered Rh D positive (Rh+) if they have which antigen?

A) C antigen B) d antigen C) E antigen D) D antigen

Correct Answer: D) D antigen

127. Who discovered the X-Chromosome in 1891?

A) Stevens B) Henking C) Barr D) Lyon

Correct Answer: B) Henking

128. Approximately how many genes are located on the human X chromosome?

A) 60 B) 100 C) 500 D) 1,000

Correct Answer: D) 1,000

129. Haemophilia was first reported as a hereditary disease by whom in 1803?

A) John Cotto B) Mendel C) Darwin D) Landsteiner

Correct Answer: A) John Cotto

130. Haemophiliacs lack which normal clotting substance in their blood?

A) Fibrinogen B) Thrombin C) Thromboplastin D) Prothrombin

Correct Answer: C) Thromboplastin

131. Based on the position of the centromere, which of the following is NOT a type of human chromosome mentioned in the text?

A) Metacentric B) Telocentric C) Sub-metacentric D) Acrocentric

Correct Answer: B) Telocentric

132. A genetic disorder caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA can be a mutation in a single gene or an issue with an entire...

A) Protein B) Cell C) Chromosome D) Organelle

Correct Answer: C) Chromosome

133. In Beta Thalassemia, the increased production of which chain damages the membranes of RBCs?

A) Alpha chain B) Beta chain C) Gamma chain D) Delta chain

Correct Answer: A) Alpha chain

134. Severe mental retardation and light pigmentation of skin and hair are characteristics of which disorder?

A) Thalassemia B) Albinism C) Phenylketonuria D) Huntington's chorea

Correct Answer: C) Phenylketonuria

135. The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is known as:

A) Crossing over B) Synapsis C) Non-disjunction D) Translocation

Correct Answer: C) Non-disjunction

136. A person with blood type 'O' is called a universal donor because they have:

A) No antigens on RBCs B) No antibodies in plasma C) Both A and B antigens D) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Correct Answer: A) No antigens on RBCs

137. In the haplodiploidy system of honeybees, the males are:

A) Diploid B) Haploid C) Triploid D) Tetraploid

Correct Answer: B) Haploid

138. The inheritance of a trait from a male parent to his grandson through a carrier daughter is an example of:

A) Y-linked inheritance B) Direct inheritance C) Criss-cross pattern of inheritance D) Autosomal inheritance

Correct Answer: C) Criss-cross pattern of inheritance

139. What is the primary purpose of chromosome banding in karyotyping?

A) To make chromosomes longer B) To permit structural definition and differentiation C) To stain the cytoplasm D) To induce mitosis

Correct Answer: B) To permit structural definition and differentiation

140. Which of the following is an allosomal abnormality?

A) Down's syndrome B) Patau's syndrome C) Turner's syndrome D) Thalassemia

Correct Answer: C) Turner's syndrome

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