PG TRB ZOOLOGY | Unit I - ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY | Adaptive Radiation in Polychaetes.

PG TRB ZOOLOGY ONLINE TEST / QUIZ AS PER LATEST SYLLABUS | Unit I - ANIMAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY | Adaptive Radiation in Polychaetes.

1. Which of the following is the most primitive group of Polychaetes, generally considered the ancestral form for other groups?

• A) Sedentaria
• B) Errantia
• C) Pogonophora
• D) Sipunculida

2. The adaptation of parapodia for crawling and swimming is a characteristic feature of which polychaete group?

• A) Sedentary forms
• B) Tube-dwelling forms
• C) Errant forms
• D) All of the above

3. In Nereis, the paired appendages used for locomotion are called:

• A) Chaetae
• B) Setae
• C) Parapodia
• D) Tentacles

4. The formation of a well-developed head with eyes, antennae, and palps is an adaptation for what kind of lifestyle?

• A) Sessile, filter-feeding
• B) Burrowing, deposit-feeding
• C) Active, predatory
• D) Parasitic

5. The fan-like crown of tentacles in Sabella and Serpula is an adaptation primarily for:

• A) Defense
• B) Predation
• C) Filter-feeding
• D) Reproduction

6. The adaptive radiation of Polychaetes is most evident in the diversity of their:

• A) Reproductive strategies
• B) Locomotory and feeding adaptations
• C) Excretory systems
• D) Nervous systems

7. The modification of the pharynx into a protrusible structure with jaws is an adaptation for:

• A) Filter-feeding
• B) Deposit-feeding
• C) Predation
• D) Herbivory

8. What is the primary function of the chaetae in burrowing polychaetes like Arenicola?

• A) Sensory reception
• B) Anchoring and movement
• C) Feeding
• D) Respiration

9. The phenomenon of epitoky in Nereis is a reproductive adaptation where the body becomes modified for:

• A) Asexual budding
• B) A planktonic existence
• C) Parasitism
• D) Sedentary life

10. The tubes constructed by polychaetes like Serpula and Sabellaria are made of:

• A) Mucus and sand particles
• B) Calcium carbonate
• C) Chitin
• D) A and B

11. A polychaete that feeds by ingesting sediment and extracting organic matter is known as a:

• A) Predator
• B) Herbivore
• C) Deposit-feeder
• D) Filter-feeder

12. The presence of branchial filaments on the parapodia is a key adaptation for:

• A) Locomotion
• B) Respiration
• C) Feeding
• D) Defense

13. The absence of a distinct head region and well-developed sense organs is characteristic of:

• A) Errant polychaetes
• B) Sedentary polychaetes
• C) Pelagic polychaetes
• D) All of the above

14. Which polychaete is a classic example of a sedentary, tube-dwelling filter-feeder?

• A) Nereis
• B) Arenicola
• C) Chaetopterus
• D) Pheretima

15. The specialized parapodia and body shape of Tomopteris are adaptations for which habitat?

• A) Burrowing in mud
• B) Living in tubes
• C) Pelagic (free-swimming)
• D) Commensalism

16. The structure used by some polychaetes to create and maintain water currents for feeding and respiration within their burrows is called:

• A) An operculum
• B) A notopodium
• C) A tentacular crown
• D) Specialized parapodia

17. Which of the following is an example of an adaptive modification for a commensal lifestyle?

• A) Jaw development in Nereis
• B) Tube formation in Sabella
• C) Loss of parapodia in Polydora
• D) Specialized feeding tentacles in Polynoidae

18. The term 'errant' in polychaete classification refers to a lifestyle that is:

• A) Sedentary
• B) Free-moving
• C) Parasitic
• D) Planktonic

19. The presence of a ciliated groove for food transport is an adaptation found in:

• A) Deposit feeders
• B) Filter feeders
• C) Predators
• D) Scavengers

20. The modified anterior segments of a polychaete that form an operculum to close the tube opening is a key adaptation for:

• A) Predation
• B) Defense
• C) Feeding
• D) Reproduction

21. The adaptive radiation of polychaetes is associated with their ability to exploit a wide range of:

• A) Terrestrial habitats
• B) Freshwater habitats
• C) Marine habitats
• D) Brackish water habitats

22. The development of a highly muscular proboscis is a clear adaptation for:

• A) Burrowing
• B) Feeding on hard-shelled prey
• C) Attaching to a host
• D) All of the above

23. The significant reduction or complete loss of parapodia is an adaptation for which lifestyle?

• A) Free-swimming
• B) Predatory
• C) Burrowing or tube-dwelling
• D) Commensal

24. What is the primary ecological role of many sedentary, tube-dwelling polychaetes?

• A) Top predators
• B) Primary producers
• C) Bioeroders and habitat formers
• D) Parasites

25. The modified parapodia of Chaetopterus, which form fan-like structures, are adapted for:

• A) Swimming
• B) Filter-feeding
• C) Digging a burrow
• D) Producing light

26. The feeding mechanism of a polychaete that extends sticky tentacles to collect food particles from the surface is a form of:

• A) Suspension feeding
• B) Scavenging
• C) Deposit feeding
• D) Parasitism

27. The ability of some polychaetes to secrete a hard, calcareous tube is an adaptation for:

• A) Osmoregulation
• B) Defense against predators
• C) Faster locomotion
• D) Enhanced reproduction

28. The specialized anterior segments of a polychaete like Serpula that form an operculum are an example of:

• A) Homology
• B) Analogy
• C) Adaptive convergence
• D) Adaptive radiation

29. Which group of polychaetes is known for having a highly reduced or absent gut, and absorbing nutrients directly from the water?

• A) Syllidae
• B) Sabellidae
• C) Siboglinidae (formerly Pogonophora)
• D) Arenicolidae

30. The extensive burrowing activities of lugworms like Arenicola play a significant role in:

• A) Increasing water stratification
• B) Aerating the sediment
• C) Reducing microbial activity
• D) Increasing the density of the sediment

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